Coconut Research | Coconut Research Center

The journal articles listed below are just a small sampling of the many published studies involving coconut oil, medium-chain triglycerides, and other related subjects.

Is there enough evidence to support the health claims attributed to coconut? Go here for the answer.

Coconut Oil Studies

Antimicrobial efficacy of medium chain fatty acids as root canal irrigants: An in vitro study. Devan K, et al. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2019 Jul-Sep;37(3):258-264. doi: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_63_19.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Medium‑Chain Fatty Acids, 2% Chlorhexidine, and 5% Sodium Hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study, Indian Journal of Oral Health and Research, http://www.ijohr.org, Year 2018, Volume 4, Issue 2 [p. 47-51] DOI: 10.4103/ijohr.ijohr_17_1 8

Virgin coconut oil extract mitigates testicular-induced toxicity of alcohol use in antiretroviral therapy. Andrology. 2018 Jul;6(4):616-626. doi: 10.1111/andr.12490. Epub 2018 Apr 14.

Adjuvant potential of virgin coconut oil extract on antiretroviral therapy-induced testicular toxicity: An ultrastructural study. Andrologia. 2018 Apr;50(3). doi: 10.1111/and.12930. Epub 2017 Dec 12.

Coconut Oil Extract Mitigates Testicular Injury Following Adjuvant Treatment with Antiretroviral Drugs. Toxicol Res. 2016 Oct;32(4):317-325.

Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of coconut oil and chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans: An in vivo study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2016 Sep-Oct;6(5):447-452.

Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus Catheter-Related Biofilm Infections Using ML:8 and Citrox. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Sep 23;60(10):5968-75. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00910-16. Print 2016 Oct.

Antimicrobial Effect of a Lauric Acid on Streptococcus Mutans Biofilm. DOI: 10.21276/aimdr.2016.2.4.21, Annals of International Medical and Dental Research, Original Article ISSN (O):2395-2822; ISSN (P):2395-2814

In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of monolaurin against Candida albicans biofilms. PeerJ. 2016 Jun 22;4:e2148.

Algae-inhibitory effect and mechanism of plant source n-caprylic acid. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2016 Mar;45(2):189-93, 199.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorhexidine, Coconut Oil, Probiotics, and Ketoconazole on Candida albicans Isolated in Children with Early Childhood Caries: An In Vitro Study, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Scientifica, February 2016, Volume 2016, Article ID 7061587, 5 pages

The Effect of Coconut Oil pulling on Streptococcus mutans Count in Saliva in Comparison with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2016 Jan 1;17(1):38-41.

Manipulation of Host Diet To Reduce Gastrointestinal Colonization by the Opportunistic Pathogen Candida albicans. mSphere. 2015 Nov 18;1(1). pii: e00020-15.

The Natural Surfactant Glycerol Monolaurate Significantly Reduces Development of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2015 Oct;16(5):538-42. doi: 10.1089/sur.2014.162. Epub 2015 Jun 25.

Effect of coconut oil in plaque related gingivitis – A preliminary report. Niger Med J. 2015 Mar-Apr;56(2):143-147.

Treatment of Dermal Infections With Topical Coconut Oil, A review of efficacy and safety of Cocos nucifera L. in treating skin infections, Natural Medicine Journal, May 2014 Vol. 6 Issue 5

Anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of capric acid against Propionibacterium acnes: a comparative study with lauric acid. J Dermatol Sci. 2014 Mar;73(3):232-240

Effects of feeding lauric acid or coconut oil on ruminal protozoa numbers, fermentation pattern, digestion, omasal nutrient flow, and milk production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2014;97(8):5088-5100.

Effect of supplementing essential fatty acids to pregnant nonlactating Holstein cows and their preweaned calves on calf performance, immune response, and health. J Dairy Sci. 2014;97(8):5045-5064.

Antimicrobial effects of virgin coconut oil and its medium-chain fatty acids on Clostridium difficile. J Med Food. 2013 Dec;16(12):1079-1085.

Health Properties of Coconut Oil. Agro Food Industry Hi Tech. May/June 2013 Vol 24n3.

Production of medium chain saturated fatty acids with enhanced antimicrobial activity from crude coconut fat by solid state cultivation of Yarrowia lipolytica. Food Chem. 2013 Feb 15;136(3-4):1345-1349.

Effects of inhibitory activity on mycelial growth of Candida albicans and therapy for murine oral candidiasis by the combined use of terpinen-4-ol and a middle-chain fatty acid, capric acid. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2013;133(1):133-140.

Improvement of medium chain fatty acid content and antimicrobial activity of coconut oil via solid-state fermentation using a Malaysian Geotrichum candidum. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:954542.

Coconut oil may prevent tooth decay. Medical News Today. 04 Sep 2012

Preliminary study on the In-Vitro Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates to Virgin Coconut Oil. Functional Foods in Health and Disease, August 30, 2012, 2(8):290-299

Glycerol Monolaurate Antibacterial Activity in Broth and Biofilm Cultures. PLoS One. 2012; 7(7): e40350. Published online 2012 Jul 11. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040350 PMCID: MC3394780 PMID: 22808139

Inhibition of Candida mycelia growth by a medium chain fatty acids, capric acid in vitro and its therapeutic efficacy in murine oral candidiasis. Med Mycol J. 2012;53(4):255-261.

Short- and medium-chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral microorganisms. Arch Oral Biol. 2011 Jul;56(7):650-654

A study of the clinical activity of a gel combining monocaprin and doxycycline: a novel treatment for herpes labialis. J Oral Pathol Med. 2012 Jan;41(1):61-67

Addition of a combination of onion (Allium cepa) and coconut (Cocos nucifera) to food of sheep stops gastrointestinal helminthic infections. Parasitol Res. 2011 Apr;108(4):1041-1046

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): in health promotion and disease prevention. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Mar;4(3):241-247

Treatment of fresh poultry carcases with emulsions of glycerol monocaprate (monocaprin) to reduce contamination with Campylobacter and psychrotrophic bacteria. Br Poult Sci. 2011 Feb;52(1):11-19.

Killing of Campylobacter on contaminated plastic and wooden cutting boards by glycerol monocaprate (monocaprin). Lett Appl Microbiol. 2010 Sep;51(3):319-324

Stimuli-responsive liposome fusion mediated by gold nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 2010 Apr 27;4(4):1935-1942.

Glycerol monolaurate inhibits Candida and Gardnerella vaginalis in vitro and in vivo but not Lactobacillus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Feb;54(2):597-601

Glycerol Monolaurate and Dodecylglycerol Effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 In Vitro and In Vivo. PLoS One. 2009; 4(10): e7499. Published online 2009 Oct 19. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007499. PMCID: PMC2759527 PMID: 19838303

The antimicrobial activity of liposomal lauric acids against Propionibacterium acnes. Biomaterials. 2009 Oct;30(30):6035-6040

Antimicrobial property of lauric acid against Propionibacterium acnes: its therapeutic potential for inflammatory acne vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol. 2009 Oct;129(10):2480-2488

The Effect Of Virgin Coconut Oil Supplementation For Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Children Aged 3 To 60 Months Admitted At The Philippine Children’s Medical Center: A Single Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial, CHEST, October 29, 2008

Anticoccidial versus ruminal defaunation efficacy of medium chain triglyceride depending on delivery route in calves. J Vet Med Sci. 2009 Sep;71(9):1243-1245.

Antibacterial study of the medium chain fatty acids and their 1-monoglycerides: individual effects and synergistic relationships. Pol J Microbiol. 2009;58(1):43-47.

Novel antibacterial and emollient effects of coconut and virgin olive oils in adult atopic dermatitis. Dermatitis. 2008 Nov-Dec;19(6):308-315.

A Supplement Based on Zn-Enriched Virgin Coconut Oil as an Antifungal agent for Vaginal Candidiasis Patients. Journal of Microbiology Indonesia Vol.2 No.2 2008

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Enriched with Zn as Immunostimulator for Vaginal Candidiasis Patient. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, Vol 15, No 4 (2008)

Novel antibacterial activity of monolaurin compared with conventional antibiotics against organisms from skin infections: an in vitro study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2007 Oct;6(10):991-998.

In vitro antimicrobial properties of coconut oil on Candida species in Ibadan, Nigeria.J Med Food. 2007 Jun;10(2):384-387

Virucidal activities of medium- and long-chain fatty alcohols and lipids against respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 2: comparison at different pH levels. Arch Virol. 2007;152(12):2225-2236

Diet supplemented with MCT oil in the management of childhood diarrhea. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):286-292.

Antimicrobial activity of potassium hydroxide and lauric acid against microorganisms associated with poultry processing. J Food Prot. 2006 Jul;69(7):1611-1615.

Antimicrobial activity of monocaprin: a monoglyceride with potential use as a denture disinfectant. Acta Odontol Scand. 2006 Feb;64(1):21-26.

Stable concentrated emulsions of the 1-monoglyceride of capric acid (monocaprin) with microbicidal activities against the food-borne bacteria Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jan;72(1):522-526.

Development of a virucidal cream containing the monoglyceride monocaprin. Pharmazie. 2005 Dec;60(12):897-899.

Antibacterial effect of caprylic acid and monocaprylin on major bacterial mastitis pathogens. J Dairy Sci. 2005 Oct; 88(10):3488-3495.

Antimicrobial activity of saturated fatty acids and fatty amines against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Sep;27(9):1321-1326.

Medium-chain fatty acids decrease colonization and invasion through hilA suppression shortly after infection of chickens with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jun;70(6):3582-3587.

Medium chain triglycerides enhance intestinal recovery from viral diarrhea. Philipp J Pediatr. 2004 Jan-Mar 53(1):39-41.

In vitro effect of C2-C18 fatty acids on Salmonellas. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2004;49(2):199-202.

Antibacterial actions of fatty acids and monoglycerides against Helicobacter pylori. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2003 May 15;36(1-2):9-17.

Acute mechanism of medium chain fatty acid-induced enhancement of airway epithelial permeability. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 May;305(2):440-450

The combined use of whole Cuphea seeds containing medium chain fatty acids and an exogenous lipase in piglet nutrition. Arch Tierernahr. 2003 Feb;57(1):49-63.

Susceptibility of Escherichia coli to C2-C18 fatty acids. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2003;48(6):731-735.

Bactericidal effects of fatty acids and monoglycerides on Helicobacter pylori. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2002 Oct;20(4):258-262.

Mutations in erg4 affect the sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to medium-chain fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Apr 15;1581(3):109-118.

In vitro killing of Candida albicans by fatty acids and monoglycerides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Nov;45(11):3209-3212.

Killing of Gram-positive cocci by fatty acids and monoglycerides. APMIS. 2001 Oct;109(10):670-678.

Effect of fatty acids on arenavirus replication: inhibition of virus production by lauric acid. Arch Virol. 2001;146(4):777-790.

Hydrogels containing monocaprin prevent intravaginal and intracutaneous infections with HSV-2 in mice: impact on the search for vaginal microbicides. J Med Virol. 2000 May;61(1):107-110.

In vitro susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to fatty acids and monoglycerides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 Nov;43(11):2790-2792.

Development and evaluation of microbicidal hydrogels containing monoglyceride as the active ingredient. J Pharm Sci. 1999 Oct;88(10):1011-1015.

Medium-chain triglycerides inhibit growth of Malassezia: implications for prevention of systemic infection. Crit Care Med. 1999 Sep;27(9):1781-1786.

In vitro inactivation of Chlamydia trachomatis by fatty acids and monoglycerides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Sep;42(9):2290-2294.

Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to bactericidal properties of medium-chain monoglycerides and free fatty acids. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996 Feb;40(2):302-306.

Survival to lipopolysaccharide, cytokine release and phagocyte functions in mice treated with different total parenteral nutrition regimens. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1995 Aug;17(3):493-509.

Antimicrobial activity of lipids added to human milk, infant formula, and bovine milk. J Nutr Biochem. 1995 Jul;6(7):362-366.

Inactivation of enveloped viruses in human bodily fluids by purified lipids. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Jun 6;724:457-464

Inactivation of visna virus and other enveloped viruses by free fatty acids and monoglycerides. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Jun 6;724:465-471

The use of lipid antiviral compounds in lentivirus infections: summary. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994 Jun 6;724:489-491

Lauric acid inhibits the maturation of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Gen Virol. 1994 Feb;75 (Pt 2):353-361.

Influence of Temperature, pH, and Glycerol Monolaurate on Growth and Survival of Listeria monocytogene. Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 56, No. 9, Pages 744-749 (September 1993)

Inhibition of growth of dermatophytes by Indian hair oils. Mycoses. 1992 Nov-Dec;35(11-12):363-369.

Antiviral and antibacterial lipids in human milk and infant formula feeds. Arch Dis Child. 1990 Aug;65(8):861-4.

Inactivation of enveloped viruses and killing of cells by fatty acids and monoglycerides. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987 Jan;31(1):27-31.

The effects of fatty acids and their monoesters on the metabolic activity of dental plaque. J Dent Res. 1984 Jan;63(1):2-5.

Anticariogenicity of dietary glycerol monolaurin in rats. Caries Res. 1983;17(2):131-138.

The lipolytic triad: human lingual, breast milk, and pancreatic lipases: physiological implications of their characteristics in digestion of dietary fats. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1982;1(2):243-55.

Anticaries and antiplaque potential of free-fatty acids in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol Ther Dent. 1980;5(1-2):25-33.

Fatty acids and derivatives as antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1972 Jul;2(1):23-28.

Beneficial role of virgin coconut oil supplementation against acute methotrexate chemotherapy-induced oxidative toxicity and inflammation in rats. Integr Med Res. 2018 Sep;7(3):257-263. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.05.001. Epub 2018 May 14.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of virgin coconut oil supplementation abrogate acute chemotherapy oxidative nephrotoxicity induced by anticancer drug methotrexate in rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Dec;96:905-911. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.008. Epub 2017 Dec 7.

The lauric acid-activated signaling prompts apoptosis in cancer cells. Cell Death Discov. 2017 Sep 18;3:17063. doi: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.63. eCollection 2017.

Virgin coconut oil supplementation attenuates acute chemotherapy hepatotoxicity induced by anticancer drug methotrexate via inhibition of oxidative stress in rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Mar;87:437-442.

High-fat diets rich in saturated fat protect against azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2016 Jun 1;310(11):G906-919.

The effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) as supplementation on quality of life (QOL) among breast cancer patients. Lipids Health Dis. 2014 Aug 27;13:139.

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): in health promotion and disease prevention. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Mar;4(3):241-247

The ketogenic diet reverses gene expression patterns and reduces reactive oxygen species levels when used as an adjuvant therapy for glioma. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2010 Sep 10;7:74.

Growth of human gastric cancer cells in nude mice is delayed by a ketogenic diet supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides. BMC Cancer. 2008 Apr 30;8:122.

Efficacy of medium-chain triglycerides compared with long-chain triglycerides in total parenteral nutrition in patients with digestive tract cancer undergoing surgery. Kaohsiung M Med Sci 2005;21:487-494.

Antitumor effect of medium-chain triglyceride and its influence on the self-defense system of the body. Cancer Detect Prev. 1998;22(3):219-224.

Implementing a ketogenic diet based on medium-chain triglyceride oil in pediatric patients with cancer. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995 Jun;95(6):693-697.

Effects of a ketogenic diet on tumor metabolism and nutritional status in pediatric oncology patients: two case reports. J Am Coll Nutr. 1995 Apr;14(2):202-208.

Influence of various fatty acids on tumour growth in total parenteral nutrition. Eur Surg Res 1994;26:288-297.

Effect of coconut oil, trilaurin and tripalmitin on the promotion stage of carcinogenesis. Philipp J Sci 1994;123:161-169.

Menhaden, coconut, and corn oils and mammary tumor incidence in BALB/c virgin female mice treated with DMBA. Nutr Cancer. 1993;20(2):99-106.

Effects of different lipid sources in total parenteral nutrition on whole body protein kinetics and tumor growth. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1992 Nov-Dec;16(6):545-551.

Structured lipid made from fish oil and medium-chain triglycerides alters tumor and host metabolism in Yoshida-sarcoma-bearing rats. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 May;53(5):1177-1184.

Antigenotoxicity of Dietary Coconut Oil. Science Diliman. 1991;4(1):1.

Nitrogen excretion in cancer cachexia and its modification by a high fat diet in mice. Cancer Res 1989;49:3800-3804.

A comparison of long-chain triglycerides and medium-chain triglycerides on weight loss and tumour size in a cachexia model. Br J Cancer. 1988 Nov;58(5):580-583.

Fat and endocrine-responsive cancer in animals. Prev Med. 1987 Jul;16(4):468-74.

The influence of dietary medium chain triglycerides on rat mammary tumor development. Lipids 1987 Jun;22(6):455-461.

Dietary fat and mammary cancer. II. Modulation of serum and tumor lipid composition and tumor prostaglandins by different dietary fats: association with tumor incidence patterns. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Jul;77(1):43-51.

Influence of dietary medium-chain triglycerides on the development of N-methylnitrosourea-induced rat mammary tumors. Cancer Res. 1984 Nov;44(11):5023-5028.

Tumor promotion by dietary fat in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in female F344 rats: influence of amount and source of dietary fat. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984 Mar;72(3):745-750.

Effects of level and type of dietary fat on incidence of mammary tumors induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by 7,12-dimethylbenz()anthracene. Lipids. 1971 Jun;6(6):415-20.

Note: A large number of studies are showing a direct correlation between chronic low-grade bacterial and viral infections and coronary heart disease. The primary culprits are Chlamydia pneumoniae, Cytomegalovirus, and Helicobacter pylori. Each of these pathogenic organisms as well as many others are effectively killed by the medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil. Coconut oil, therefore, can reduce risk of heart disease.

Coconut oil consumption improves fat-free mass, plasma HDL-cholesterol and insulin sensitivity in healthy men with normal BMI compared to peanut oil. Clin Nutr. 2019 Dec;38(6):2889-2899. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.026. Epub 2018 Dec 29.

Effects of coconut oil consumption on energy metabolism, cardiometabolic risk markers, and appetitive responses in women with excess body fat. Eur J Nutr. 2018 Jun;57(4):1627-1637. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1448-5. Epub 2017 Apr 12.

Dietary Supplementation with Virgin Coconut Oil Improves Lipid Profile and Hepatic Antioxidant Status and Has Potential Benefits on Cardiovascular Risk Indices in Normal Rats. J Diet Suppl. 2018 May 4;15(3):330-342. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1346031. Epub 2017 Aug 17.

Randomised trial of coconut oil, olive oil or butter on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors in healthy men and women. BMJ Open. 2018 Mar 6;8(3):e020167. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020167.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of virgin coconut oil supplementation abrogate acute chemotherapy oxidative nephrotoxicity induced by anticancer drug methotrexate in rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Dec;96:905-911. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.008. Epub 2017 Dec 7.

Acute Treatment with Lauric Acid Reduces Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2017 Apr;120(4):348-353.

The Impact of Virgin Coconut Oil and High-Oleic Safflower Oil on Body Composition, Lipids, and Inflammatory Markers in Postmenopausal Women. J Med Food. 2017 Mar 9. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0114. [Epub ahead of print]

Daily Consumption of Virgin Coconut Oil Increases High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:7251562. doi: 10.1155/2017/7251562. Epub 2017 Dec 14.

In Silico and Wet Lab Studies Reveal the Cholesterol Lowering Efficacy of Lauric Acid, a Medium Chain Fat of Coconut Oil. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2016 Dec;71(4):410-415.

Renoprotective effect of virgin coconut oil in heated palm oil diet-induced hypertensive rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Oct;41(10):1033-1038.

Medium-chain triglycerides promote macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and improve atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res. 2016 Sep;36(9):964-973.

A randomized study of coconut oil versus sunflower oil on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Indian Heart J. 2016 Jul-Aug;68(4):498-506.

Coconut oil consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in humans. Nutr Rev. 2016 Apr;74(4):267-80. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuw002. Epub 2016 Mar 5.

The diverse nature of saturated fats and the case of medium-chain triglycerides: how one recommendation may not fit all. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2016 Mar;19(2):81-87.

A Coconut Extra Virgin Oil-Rich Diet Increases HDL Cholesterol and Decreases Waist Circumference and Body Mass in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Nutr Hosp. 2015 Nov 1;32(5):2144-2152.

An ecological study for Sri Lanka about health effects of coconut. Ceylon Med J. 2015 Sep;60(3):97-99.

Virgin olive oil, palm olein and coconut oil diets do not raise cell adhesion molecules and thrombogenicity indices in healthy Malaysian adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015 Jun;69(6):712-716.

Coconut oil supplementation and physical exercise improves baroreflex sensitivity and oxidative stress in hypertensive rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2015 Apr;40(4):393-400. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0351. Epub 2015 Feb 9.

Cardioprotective effect of virgin coconut oil in heated palm oil diet-induced hypertensive rats. Pharm Biol. 2015;53(9):1243-1249.

Influence of virgin coconut oil-enriched diet on the transcriptional regulation of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in rats – a comparative study. Br J Nutr. 2014 May 28;111(10):1782-1790

Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Mar 18;160(6):398-406

Retrospective cohort study of the efficacy of caprylic triglyceride in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Published Date October, 2013, Volume 2013:9 Pages 1619-1627

Effect of virgin coconut oil enriched diet on the antioxidant status and paraoxonase 1 activity in ameliorating the oxidative stress in rats – a comparative study. Food Funct. 2013 Sep;4(9):1402-1409.

Virgin Coconut Oil Prevents Blood Pressure Elevation and Improves Endothelial Functions in Rats Fed with Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil Published online Jun 5, 2013

Health Properties of Coconut Oil. Agro Food Industry Hi Tech. May/June 2013 Vol 24n3.

Dietary fats and health: dietary recommendations in the context of scientific evidence. Adv Nutr. 2013 May 1;4(3):294-302

Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and updated meta-analysis, BMJ 2013;346

Virgin coconut oil prevents blood pressure elevation and improves endothelial functions in rats fed with repeatedly heated palm oil. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:629329.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23861707

Impact of a traditional dietary supplement with coconut milk and soya milk on the lipid profile in normal free living subjects. J Nutr Metab. 2013

Virgin coconut oil improves hepatic lipid metabolism in rats–compared with copra oil, olive oil and sunflower oil. Indian J Exp Biol. 2012 Nov;50(11):802-809.

The Ketogenic Diet as a Treatment Paradigm for Diverse Neurological Disorders, Front Pharmacol. 2012; 3: 59.

Comparison of native and capric acid-enriched mustard oil effects on oxidative stress and antioxidant protection in rats. Br J Nutr. 2012 Mar;107(6):845-849

Influence of coconut oil administration on some hematologic and metabolic parameters in pregnant rats. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011 Oct;24(10):1254-1258

Dietary fatty acids and oxidative stress in the heart mitochondria. Mitochondrion. 2011 Jan;11(1):97-103

In vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of dried and fermented processed virgin coconut oil. Med Princ Pract. 2011;20(3):231-236

Coconut oil is associated with a beneficial lipid profile in pre-menopausal women in the Philippines. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(2):190-195.

Coconut oil predicts a beneficial lipid profile in pre-menopausal women in the Philippines, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011; 20(2): 190–195.

An open-label pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of virgin coconut oil in reducing visceral adiposity. ISRN Pharmacol. 2011

Saturated fat and cardiometabolic risk factors, coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes: a fresh look at the evidence. Lipids. 2010 Oct;45(10):893-905

Consumption of coconut milk did not increase cardiovascular disease risk in mice, International Journal of Current Research Vol. 6, pp.063-064, July, 2010

Palm oil and health a case of manipulated perception and misuse of science. J Am Coll Nutr. 2010 Jun;29(3 Suppl):240S-244S.

Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Mar;91(3):535-546

Medium-chain fatty acids: functional lipids for the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Pharmacol Res. 2010 Mar;61(3):208-212

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of virgin coconut oil. Pharm Biol. 2010 Feb;48(2):151-157.

Successful treatment of severe hypertriglyceridemia with a formula diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides. Ann Nutr Metab. 2010;56(3):170-175.

Medium-and long-chain fatty acid triacylglycerol reduce body fat and serum triglyceride in overweight and hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Sep;43(9):765-771.

A ketogenic diet increases succinic dehydrogenase activity in aging cardiomyocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Aug;1171:377-384.

Consumption of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols decreases body fat and blood triglyceride in Chinese hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jul;63(7):879-886

Effects of dietary coconut oil on the biochemical and anthropometric profiles of women presenting abdominal obesity. Lipids. 2009 Jul;44(7):593-601

Comparison of lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes among south Indian men consuming coconut oil and sunflower oil. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2009 Jan;24(1):76-81.

A good response to oil with medium- and long-chain fatty acids in body fat and blood lipid profiles of male hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2009;18(3):351-358.

Medium chain triglyceride oil consumption as part of a weight loss diet does not lead to an adverse metabolic profile when compared to olive oil. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008 Oct;27(5):547-552.

The benefit of medium-chain triglyceride therapy on the cardiac function of SHRs is associated with a reversal of metabolic and signaling alterations. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Jul;295(1):H136-144

Medium-chain fatty acids as metabolic therapy in cardiac disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2008 Apr;22(2):97-106.

Influence of virgin coconut oil on blood coagulation factors, lipid levels and LDL oxidation in cholesterol fed Sprague–Dawley rats. e-SPEN, the European e-Journal of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Volume 3, Issue 1, February 2008, Pages e1-e8

The effect of virgin coconut oil on the cholesterol level of patients with hypercholesterolemia. Fil Fam Phy. 2008 Jan-Mar 46(1):9-17.

Effects of dietary medium-chain triglyceride on weight loss and insulin sensitivity in a group of moderately overweight free-living type 2 diabetic Chinese subjects. Metabolism. 2007 Jul;56(7):985-991.

Anti-inflammatory activity of virgin coconut oil. Philipp J Intern Med. 2007;Mar-Apr 45(2):85-88.

Chylopericardium as a complication of cardiac surgery: report of two cases and review of the literature. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2007 Jan-Feb;135(1-2):88-91.

Beneficial effects of coconut water feeding on lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats. J Med Food. 2006 Fall;9(3):400-407.

Coconut fats. Ceylon Med J. 2006 Jun;51(2):47-51.

The antioxidant effect of virgin coconut oil on lipid peroxidation. Philipp J Intern Med. 2005 Jul-Aug 43(4):199-204.

Fatty acid oxidation and its impact on response of spontaneously hypertensive rat hearts to an adrenergic stress: benefits of a medium-chain fatty acid. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Mar;288(3):H1425-1436

Beneficial effects of virgin coconut oil on lipid parameters and in vitro LDL oxidation. Clin Biochem. 2004 Sep;37(9):830-5.

Comparative Study of Coconut Oil, Soybean Oil, and Hydrogenated Soybean Oil. PJCS. 2004;24

Dietary intake and the risk of coronary heart disease among the coconut-consuming Minangkabau in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(4):377-384.

Antibiotic treatment of atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2003 Dec;14(6):605-614.

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Enhanced memory in Wistar rats by virgin coconut oil is associated with increased antioxidative, cholinergic activities and reduced oxidative stress. Pharm Biol. 2017 Dec;55(1):825-832.

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Medium-chain fatty acid-containing dietary oil alleviates the depression-like behaviour in mice exposed to stress due to chronic forced swimming. Journal of Functional Foods, Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2013, Pages 601–606

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Caprylic Triglyceride as a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Effectively Improve the Performance and Attenuate the Symptoms Due to the Motor Neuron Loss in ALS Disease, Published: November 07, 2012

A ketone ester diet exhibits anxiolytic and cognition-sparing properties, and lessens amyloid and tau pathologies in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, September 2012

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Anticonvulsant profile of caprylic acid, a main constituent of the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet, in mice. Neuropharmacology. 2012 Mar;62(4):1882-1889

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A ketogenic diet delays weight loss and does not impair working memory or motor function in the R6/2 1J mouse model of Huntington’s disease. Physiol Behav. 2011 Jul 6;103(5):501-507.

2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Treatment Induces Ketogenesis, Sustains Mitochondrial Function, and Reduces Pathology in Female Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. PLoS One. 2011; 6(7)

Caregiver Reports Following Dietary Intervention with Medium Chain Fatty Acids in 60 Persons with Dementia. International Symposium of Dietary Interventions for Epilepsy and Other Neurologic Diseases, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2010.

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Dietary supplementation with medium-chain TAG has long-lasting cognition-enhancing effects in aged dogs. Br J Nutr. 2010 Jun;103(12):1746-1754.

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A ketogenic diet increases succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and recovers age-related decrease in numeric density of SDH-positive mitochondria in cerebellar Purkinje cells of late-adult rats. Micron. 2010 Feb;41(2):143-148.

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Study of the ketogenic agent AC-1202 in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, Published: 10 August 2009, Nutrition & Metabolism 2009, 6:31

Ketogenic diet protects dopaminergic neurons against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity via up-regulating glutathione in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res. 2009 Aug 25;1286:25-31. doi:

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Virgin coconut oil extract mitigates testicular-induced toxicity of alcohol use in antiretroviral therapy. Andrology. 2018 Jul;6(4):616-626. doi: 10.1111/andr.12490. Epub 2018 Apr 14.

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Hydrogels containing monocaprin prevent intravaginal and intracutaneous infections with HSV-2 in mice: impact on the search for vaginal microbicides. J Med Virol. 2000 May;61(1):107-110.

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Influence of Temperature, pH, and Glycerol Monolaurate on Growth and Survival of Listeria monocytogene. Journal of Food Protection, Vol. 56, No. 9, Pages 744-749 (September 1993)

Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in Parenteral Nutrition. Adv Nutr. 2015 Sep 15;6(5):600-610.

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The addition of medium-chain triglycerides to a purified fish oil-based diet alters inflammatory profiles in mice. Metabolism. 2015 Feb;64(2):274-282.

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Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): in health promotion and disease prevention. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Mar;4(3):241-247.

Enteral nutrition improves clinical outcome and shortens hospital stay after cancer surgery. J Invest Surg. 2010 Dec;23(6):309-313.

Enteral diets enriched with medium-chain triglycerides and N-3 fatty acids prevent chemically induced experimental colitis in rats. Transl Res. 2010 Nov;156(5):282-291.

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Partial replacement of dietary (n-6) fatty acids with medium-chain triglycerides decreases the incidence of spontaneous colitis in interleukin-10-deficient mice. J Nutr. 2009 Mar;139(3):603-610.

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A randomized controlled trial on the use of virgin coconut oil in augmenting weight gain among infants weighing 1500 grams or less; preliminary results. Philipp J Pediatr. 2005 Oct-Dec 54(4):223-229.

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An enteral therapy containing medium-chain triglycerides and hydrolyzed peptides reduces postprandial pain associated with chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2003;3(1):36-40.

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Medium-chain, triglyceride-containing lipid emulsions increase human neutrophil beta2 integrin expression, adhesion, and degranulation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2000 Jul-Aug;24(4):228-233.

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Effects of parenteral infusion with medium-chain triglycerides and safflower oil emulsions on hepatic lipids, plasma amino acids and inflammatory mediators in septic rats. Clin Nutr. 2000 Apr;19(2):115-120.

Medium-chain triglycerides inhibit free radical formation and TNF-alpha production in rats given enteral ethanol. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000 Mar;278(3):G467-G476.

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Colonic digestion and absorption of energy from carbohydrates and medium-chain fat in small bowel failure. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999 Sep-Oct;23(5 Suppl):S101-5.

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Medium-chain compared with long-chain triacylglycerol emulsions enhance macrophage response and increase mucosal mass in parenterally fed rats. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Jun;67(6):1265-1272.

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Efficacy of a mixture of medium-chain triglyceride (75%) and long-chain triglyceride (25%) fat emulsions in the nutritional management of multiple-trauma patients. Nutrition 1995;11:275-284.

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Kinetics of medium-chain triglycerides and free fatty acids in healthy volunteers and surgically stressed patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1994 Mar-Apr;18(2):134-140.

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Long-chain versus medium and long-chain triglyceride-based fat emulsion in parenteral nutrition of severe head trauma patients. Infusionstherapie. 1990 Oct;17(5):246-248.

Effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) as an energy substrate after hepatectomy in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Res Exp Med (Berl) 1990;190:153-162.

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Development, Prevention, and Treatment of Alcohol-Induced Organ Injury: The Role of Nutrition. Alcohol Res. 2017; 38(2): 289–302. PMCID: PMC5513692, PMID: 28988580.

Anti-inflammatory effect of elemental diets with different fat composition in experimental colitis. Br J Nutr. 2014 Apr 14;111(7):1213-1220.

In vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of dried and fermented processed virgin coconut oil. Med Princ Pract. 2011;20(3):231-236.

Enteral diets enriched with medium-chain triglycerides and N-3 fatty acids prevent chemically induced experimental colitis in rats. Transl Res. 2010 Nov;156(5):282-291.

Dietary medium-chain triglycerides prevent chemically induced experimental colitis in rats. Transl Res. 2010 Mar;155(3):131-141.

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of virgin coconut oil. Pharm Biol. 2010 Feb;48(2):151-157.

Evidence for medium chain triglycerides in the treatment of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2009 Aug;19(4):241-245.

Partial replacement of dietary (n-6) fatty acids with medium-chain triglycerides decreases the incidence of spontaneous colitis in interleukin-10-deficient mice. J Nutr. 2009 Mar;139(3):603-610.

Medium-chain triglycerides enhance mucous secretion and cell proliferation in the rat. J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(3):204-211.

Antiulcerogenic effects of coconut (Cocos nucifera) extract in rats. Phytother Res. 2008 Jul;22(7):970-972.

Hypocalcaemic seizures: sign of intestinal disease? Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2007 Apr-Jun;70(2):243-244.

Anti-inflammatory activity of virgin coconut oil. Philipp J Intern Med. 2007;Mar-Apr 45(2):85-88.

Diet supplemented with MCT oil in the management of childhood diarrhea. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(2):286-292.

Medium chain triglycerides enhance intestinal recovery from viral diarrhea. Philipp J Pediatr. 2004 Jan-Mar 53(1):39-41.

Protective effects of medium-chain triglycerides on the liver and gut in rats administered endotoxin. Ann Surg. 2003 Feb;237(2):246-255.

The influence of a preserved colon on the absorption of medium chain fat in patients with small bowel resection. Gut. 1998 Oct;43(4):478-483.

A medium chain triglyceride-based diet in patients with HIV and chronic diarrhea reduces diarrhea and malabsorption: a prospective, controlled trial. Nutrition. 1996 Nov-Dec;12(11-12):766-771.

Acute Treatment with Lauric Acid Reduces Blood Pressure and Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2017 Apr;120(4):348-353. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12700. Epub 2017 Jan 5.

Renoprotective effect of virgin coconut oil in heated palm oil diet-induced hypertensive rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Oct;41(10):1033-1038. Epub 2016 Jun 2.

Medium-chain triglycerides promote macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and improve atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res. 2016 Sep;36(9):964-973. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.004. Epub 2016 Jun 4.

A Coconut Extra Virgin Oil-Rich Diet Increases Hdl Cholesterol And Decreases Waist Circumference And Body Mass In Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Nutr Hosp. 2015 Nov 1;32(5):2144-52. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9642.

Coconut oil supplementation and physical exercise improves baroreflex sensitivity and oxidative stress in hypertensive rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2015 Apr;40(4):393-400. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0351. Epub 2015 Feb 9.

Cardioprotective effect of virgin coconut oil in heated palm oil diet-induced hypertensive rats. Pharm Biol. 2015;53(9):1243-9. doi: 10.3109/13880209.2014.971383. Epub 2015 Apr 8.

Virgin coconut oil prevents blood pressure elevation and improves endothelial functions in rats fed with repeatedly heated palm oil. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:629329. doi: 10.1155/2013/629329. Epub 2013 Jun 5.

In vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of dried and fermented processed virgin coconut oil. Med Princ Pract. 2011;20(3):231-236.

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of virgin coconut oil. Pharm Biol. 2010 Feb;48(2):151-157.

Anti-inflammatory activity of virgin coconut oil. Philipp J Intern Med. 2007;Mar-Apr 45(2):85-88.

Comparison of the fat elimination between long-chain triglycerides and medium-chain triglycerides in rats with ischemic acute renal failure. Ren. Fail. 2002 Jan;24(1):1-9.

Protective effect of coconut oil on renal necrosis occurring in rats fed a methyl-deficient diet. Ren. Fail. 1995 Sep; 17 (5):525-537.

Dietary Supplementation with Virgin Coconut Oil Improves Lipid Profile and Hepatic Antioxidant Status and Has Potential Benefits on Cardiovascular Risk Indices in Normal Rats. J Diet Suppl. 2018 May 4;15(3):330-342. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1346031. Epub 2017 Aug 17.

Soybean Oil Is More Obesogenic and Diabetogenic than Coconut Oil and Fructose in Mouse: Potential Role for the Liver, Published: July 22, 2015, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132672

Virgin coconut oil protects against liver damage in albino rats challenged with the anti-folate combination, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 May 1;25(2):249-253

Medium chain triglycerides dose-dependently prevent liver pathology in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2013 Feb;238(2):151-162.

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): in health promotion and disease prevention. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011 Mar;4(3):241-247.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Dried- and Fermented-Processed Virgin Coconut Oil. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 142739, 8 pages

In vivo antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of dried and fermented processed virgin coconut oil. Med Princ Pract. 2011;20(3):231-236.

Toll-like receptor-2 deficiency enhances non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2010 May 28;10:52.

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of virgin coconut oil. Pharm Biol. 2010 Feb;48(2):151-157.

Influence of virgin coconut oil (VCNO) on oxidative stress, serum testosterone and gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH) in chronic ethanol ingestion. September 2010, Agriculture & Biology Journal of North America;2010, Vol. 1 Issue 6, p1126

Role of medium-chain triglycerides in the alcohol-mediated cytochrome P450 2E1 induction of mitochondria. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007 Oct;31(10):1660-1668.

Anti-inflammatory activity of virgin coconut oil. Philipp J Intern Med. 2007;Mar-Apr 45(2):85-88.

Alcoholic fatty liver: its pathogenesis and mechanism of progression to inflammation and fibrosis. Alcohol. 2004 Aug;34(1):9-19.

Dietary saturated fat reduces alcoholic hepatotoxicity in rats by altering fatty acid metabolism and membrane composition. J Nutr. 2004 Apr;134(4):904-912.

Protective effects of medium-chain triglycerides on the liver and gut in rats administered endotoxin. Ann Surg. 2003 Feb;237(2):246-255.

Dietary saturated fatty acids reverse inflammatory and fibrotic changes in rat liver despite continued ethanol administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):638-644.

Medium-chain triglycerides inhibit free radical formation and TNF-alpha production in rats given enteral ethanol. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000 Mar;278(3):G467-G476.

Dietary saturated fatty acids down-regulate cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor alfa and reverse fibrosis in alcohol-induced liver disease in the rat. Hepatology. 1997 Dec;26(6):1538-1545.

Review: nutritional support for patients with cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1997 Apr;12(4):282-286.

Efficacy of a mixture of medium-chain triglyceride (75%) and long-chain triglyceride (25%) fat emulsions in the nutritional management of multiple-trauma patients. Nutrition 1995;11:275-284.

Beneficial effects of enteral fat administration on liver dysfunction, liver lipid accumulation, and protein metabolism in septic rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1995;41:657-669.

Opposite effects of dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on ethanol-pharmacokinetics, triglycerides and carnitines. J Am Coll Nutr. 1994 Aug;13(4):338-343.

Effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) as an energy substrate after hepatectomy in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Res Exp Med (Berl) 1990;190:153-162.

The metabolic consequences of infusing emulsions containing medium chain triglycerides for parenteral nutrition: a comparative study with conventional lipid. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1986;68:119-121.

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The effect of medium-chain triglyceride on 47 calcium absorption in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Gut. 1973 Aug;14(8):653-656.

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Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia diagnosed by double-balloon enteroscopy and treated by medium-chain triglycerides: a case report, J Med Case Rep. 2013; 7: 19.

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Colonic digestion and absorption of energy from carbohydrates and medium-chain fat in small bowel failure. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999 Sep-Oct;23(5 Suppl):S101-S105.

The influence of a preserved colon on the absorption of medium chain fat in patients with small bowel resection. Gut. 1998 Oct;43(4):478-483.

Meeting lipid needs of infants with allergy and gastrointestinal diseases. Eur J Med Res. 1997 Feb 21;2(2):84-87.

Medium-chain triglycerides–useful energy carriers in parenteral nutrition. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1989 Apr 14;101(8):300-303.

Absorption of medium chain triglycerides in patients with blind loop syndrome. Arq Gastroenterol. 1988 Apr-Jun;25(2):75-81.

Use of medium chain triglycerides in the therapy of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Rev Paul Med. 1985 May-Jun;103(3):109-114.

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